Adaptor Protein In Biology

Adaptor proteins contribute to the selection differentiation and activation of natural killer t nkt cells an innate like lymphocyte population endowed with powerful immunomodulatory properties.

Adaptor protein in biology. Adaptor proteins contain a variety of protein binding modules that link protein binding partners together and facilitate the creation of larger signaling complexes. The adaptor proteins β arrestins 1 and 2 were originally identified as inhibitors of g protein signaling at the seven transmembrane receptors 7tmrs also called g protein coupled receptors or gpcrs subsequent studies have established β arrestins as critical multifunctional. An adapter protein is critical to intermolecular interactions and plays a role in the regulation of signal transduction initiated by engagement of surface receptors on all cell types. Adaptor proteins contain a variety of protein binding modules that link protein binding partners together and facilitate the creation of larger signaling complexes.

Most adaptor proteins are localized at or near lipid rafts in podocytes and their interactions are regulated through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of crucial protein and lipid substrates 19 21. Some adapter proteins are expressed in all tissues while the expression of other adapter proteins is restricted to specific tissues. These appendage domains are sometimes called ears. The ap2 adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the cell membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin mediated endocytosis.

It is a stable complex of four adaptins which give rise to a structure that has a core domain and two appendage domains attached to the core domain by polypeptide linkers. Signal transducing adaptor proteins staps are proteins that are accessory to main proteins in a signal transduction pathway. The clathrin adaptor protein 2 complex ap2 is composed of four different cytosolic proteins that bind to specific lipids and proteins at the plasma membrane and to clathrin thus initiating clathrin assembly at distinct sites along the cell surface. Adaptor proteins have a variety of functional domains which mediate specific protein protein and protein lipid interactions such as src homology 2 sh2 phosphotyrosine binding.

Distinct from conventional t lymphocytes nkt cells preferentially home to the liver undergo a thymic maturation and differentiation process and recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the mhc. In progress in molecular biology and translational science 2013. In detail we will discuss here the impact of adaptor proteins on the biology of natural killer t nkt cells. Adaptor proteins are noncatalytic polypeptides that contain one or more protein interaction modules that mediate protein interactions.

Shenoy in progress in molecular biology and translational science 2013.